The Athens Factory, formerly known as the Athens Cotton and Wool Factory and more recently as the Old Mill, is located on Tax Parcel No. 17-1-D2-G-002A on the west bank of the North Oconee River at the intersection of Baldwin and Williams streets.

The historic industrial complex consists of two brick buildings joined together to form an L-shape. The smaller "wool" building was built on the riverbank parallel to the river. The larger "cotton" building extends westward at a right angle from the south end of the wool building. Rectangular in plan, the three-story wool building still has its original stone-walled millrace, which passes through the walls of the irregular-cut stone foundation that supports the ground floor. Load-bearing brick walls and internal timber framing support the partitionless upper floors and the flat roof. On the northeast elevation, a stepped parapet obscures the roof and its rafters, and flat "jack" arches of brick appear over the windows. Similar in almost every respect, the four-story cotton building displays a more slender and elongated form. The western end of the north elevation features the principal entrance, a round-headed, double doorway located beneath a segmental arch and housed in a square projecting tower. A brick-enclosed elevator shaft occupies the inner angle where the two buildings join; astride the millrace at the outer angle stands the structure that first housed the turbine and later the generator. Changes in brickwork and fenestration indicate subsequent enlargements to both buildings. At one time the original five acres contained a complex of outbuildings including a picker house, a stone warping house, dye houses, boiler rooms, and warehouses. The amended property boundary omits 2.3 acres where modern construction had severely disturbed the archeological potential.

Often confused with the Athens Factory because of its early use of the same name and the overlap of its investors, the Georgia Factory was founded in 1829 by John Johnson, William Dearing, John Nisbet, Augustin S. Clayton, and Abraham Walker, who began its construction at shoals several miles downstream known today as Whitehall. Three years later these same men, except for Johnson, purchased from William A. Carr approximately 55 acres on the North Oconee River, which included the five-acre tract where they built the Athens Cotton and Wool Factory. Both mills operated under the name Athens Manufacturing Company until the investors sold the downstream mill to John R. White around 1835. Whites mill was known thereafter as the Georgia Factory, with its nearby owner=s mansion and mill village of Whitehall. The in-town mill became known as the Athens Factory. Initially of wood-frame construction, the Athens Factory=s first buildings suffered from fires that destroyed the complex in 1834 and again in 1857, which led in 1858 to construction of the brick buildings extant today. This waterpowered factory complex manufactured cotton yarns, woolen yarns, and cloth. The company sold off a sixteen-acre tract some hundred yards upstream for the construction of the Cook and Brothers Confederate Armory in 1862, repurchased the parcel in 1870, and converted the armory building into a "weaving" mill.

The Athens Factory continued operations through the first quarter of the twentieth century, finally closing in 1926 three years short of its hundredth birthday. The company dissolved in 1947, the Southern Mill Supply Company acquired the Athens Factory buildings in 1957, and the next year Chicopee Mills bought the weaving mill in the old armory building. Then in 1977, William L. Laird purchased four acres of the Athens Factory=s original five-acre tract with the existing brick buildings and rehabilitated them into the Old Mill Center, a complex that included a tavern/restaurant and shops. O=Malley=s Tavern, which opened there in 1978, currently operates a fitness center, bar, and restaurant within the Athens Factory buildings.

The Athens Factory is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (July 31, 1980).

The David C. Barrow School, also known as the Lumpkin School, is located at 100 Pinecrest Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-3-A1-F-004), north of Five Points and east of the Lumpkin Street traffic artery.

This large brick building was originally a rectangular but asymmetrical structure built in 1923 with classrooms on only one side of the main hallway. It took on its current irregular form through the construction of several additions. The present double-gable roof resulted from classrooms being added along the main hall of the original building. Doorways on either end of this corridor have gabled-roof entry porches with exposed rafter ends and supporting brackets, typical of the Craftsman style. The older sections of the school feature Flemish bond and decorative brickwork, and panels appear over the windows in the customary location for transoms. Recessed side entrances of the original building display arched doorways with an entablature and flanking columns. A brick tower with a pyramidal roof calls attention to the juncture of the wings of the older building and a later addition built in two-story Prairie style. Other additions built in 1986 mimic the original structure by utilizing gables, a similar cornice, and round vents.

Opened in 1923, the institution was named after then Chancellor of the University of Georgia, David C. Barrow, reputed to be one of the foremost educators in America. The building remains one of the two oldest schools still operating in Athens; the other is Chase Street School, built the same year. The Oconee Street and College Avenue schools are older but have been adaptively converted to office use.

The David Barrow School is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991).

The Bishop House, also known as the Bishop Cottage, is located on the east side of Jackson Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1), which bounded the eastern edge of the campus of Franklin College, the original nucleus of the University of Georgia.

This one-and-one-half-story brick structure, built on a four-over-four, room central hall plan with a one-story front porch, sits on a raised basement concealed by the hillside slope of the lot. Representative of the Greek Revival style, twin Doric columns support its small pediment. A stringcourse delineates the main floor level, and whitewashed stone lintels accent the windows. The main entrance features a transom and sidelights.

Englishman Thomas Bishop came to Athens from Massachusetts in 1835 and opened a grocery store. After acquiring the building site from the Trustees of the University of Georgia, he constructed the house in 1837. Bishop and his heirs retained ownership of the house for more than a century until the University bought it in 1942. Adjacent to Old North Campus and currently occupied by the Department of Classics, the Bishop House was individually nominated to the National Register because it was non-contiguous, separated from Old North Campus by Jackson Street.

The Bishop House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (March 16, 1976).

The Bloomfield Historic District is the area roughly bounded on the west by heavily-traveled South Milledge Avenue, on the north by Peabody Street one block south of the Baxter Street east-west traffic artery, on the east by the University of Georgia grounds, and on the south by Rutherford Street one block west of the Lumpkin Street thoroughfare.

This densely developed thirty acre district is named for Bloomfield Street, its principal avenue, running parallel to South Milledge and intersected by several other streets. Houses with uniform setbacks stand on small and predominantly rectangular lots. As the principal building material, wood functions structurally and decoratively, although brick and stucco finishes or detailing appear among the more recent houses. The northern end of the district features Victorian Eclectic houses dating from the 1890s; these wood-framed structures exhibit modest period detailing including gable ends with decorative vents, bay windows, and wrap-around porches. Developed in the first two decades of the twentieth century, the southern portion of the district encompasses residences of the Craftsman style and Bungalow form along with a few buildings of the American Foursquare form and the Tudor Revival style. Typical features include low-pitched roofs, front dormers, wide eaves with exposed rafters, a variety of exterior wall treatments, and massive front porches. Only a few 1950s apartment buildings intrude on the intact portion of this historic urban neighborhood.

In the late 1880s Robert L. Bloomfield, a prominent Athens industrialist and landowner, subdivided a portion of his land along the east side of Bloomfield Street into lots, where several houses were soon built. In 1912 his son-in-law, John E. Talmadge, Jr., divided the nearby Hall Street area into lots. The west side of Bloomfield Street, mostly back lots and cow pasture for the large homes on South Milledge Avenue, began to be sold off and subdivided in the 1920s. The southernmost portion of this district was surveyed and subdivided in 1890, but John Mell purchased all the lots and attached them to his adjoining residence on South Milledge Avenue, which delayed development of this area. The proximity of the Milledge Avenue streetcar line made the district increasingly attractive to middle-class Athenians, which stimulated its growth during the Twenties and Thirties into a modest middle-class neighborhood.

Within the Bloomfield district, buildings judged worthy of individual recognition include the Parr House (see Inventory: Part I) and three residences located at 145, 163, and 193 Mell Street, all of them interpretations of the Craftsman style designed by turn of the century Athens architect, Fred Orr.

The Bloomfield Street Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (April 18, 1985) and has been locally designated as a Historic District (November 1, 1988).

The Calvin W. Parr House is located at 227 Bloomfield Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-C3-B-005).

This vernacular, Queen Anne style cottage is a one-story frame building covered with clapboard. The house utilizes a central hall with irregular massing. Sunburst designs embellish three of the five gables; the two rear gables display louvered vents instead. Porches on the facade, rear, and north elevation feature slender chamfered porch columns and scrollwork balustrades. A projecting room with a bay window is located to the right of the entrance, which features a door with an arched, etched glass panel. Elaborate stenciling on the interior walls and ceilings create geometric patterns and classical motifs in brilliant colors. The kitchen ell, composed of the originally detached kitchen and an enclosed breezeway, extends to the rear of this private residence.

Calvin W. Parr was the first owner of this building constructed in 1889. His father, Benjamin H. Parr, a craftsman who painted houses in Athens as early as 1851, had seven sons who became house and sign painters and allied craftsmen such as glaziers, paper hangers, stencilers, decorators, and paint manufacturers. The brothers composed the well established Parr Brothers firm, which operated until 1904. Calvin W. Parr, the senior member of the firm, specialized in stenciling and wall painting. He decorated this home and was responsible for the stenciling, the only known extant example in Athens of this once popular form of interior decoration.

The Calvin W. Parr House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-2103) and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (September 9, 1982).

The Bobbin Mill Works site is located on Bobbin Mill Creek between the ruins of the dam, just below the intersection of Milledge Circle and Westlake Drive, and the creek=s downstream junction with the Middle Oconee River (Tax Parcel No. 12-4-C2-B-007 & 014, 12-4-C2-A-002).

This largely wooded tract of approximately seven acres straddles Bobbin Mill Creek with relatively steep slopes on both sides. A dwelling house at 201 Rocky Ford Road stands today on the foundation of the Old Bobbin Mill, and several mill stones remain in the yard. Other archeological remains include two large iron spikes among the dam ruins. Beside the stone bridge at the intersection of Milledge Circle and Westlake Drive, the current property owner has set aside a triangular section of land as a small park. Post World War II residences currently occupy the area.

The Bobbin Mill Works, an industrial enterprise of regional significance in its time, flourished during the late 19th century. Housed in a frame structure that remained standing into the 1920s, although operations had ceased about the turn of the century, the mill produced bobbins, wagon spokes, pins, skewers, spools, and quills for customers as far away as New Jersey. Dogwood trees by the tens of thousands supplied the hard, dense wood for the bobbins and other products. Much of the area surrounding the creek was cleared for cotton fields and later converted to golf course fairways when residential development began in the 1920s. When Judge Fortson deeded the mill site to the Bobbin Mill Garden Club in 1947, the club began planting the hundreds of dogwoods seen today along the creekbanks and Westlake Drive. More recently the garden club has created the triangular park and established the Bobbin Mill Arboretum and Bird Sanctuary.

The Bobbin Mill Works site is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (March 6, 1990).

The Boulevard Historic District is the area roughly bounded on the south by Prince Avenue, on the west by Hiawassee Street, on the north by the Seaboard Coastline Railroad (now CSX), on the east by Pulaski Street.

This streetcar suburb is named for Boulevard, its widest street, which runs east/west through this 150 acre district. Laid out in a gridiron pattern on slightly rolling terrain behind the capital mansions on the north side of Prince Avenue, this residential district consists mostly of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century houses built primarily for blue collar and middle class families. Wood is the principal building material of these one- and two-story houses, which display influences of Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Neoclassical styles and the Bungalow and American Foursquare forms. In general, the houses built along Boulevard were more elaborately detailed than the smaller, more modest homes constructed elsewhere in the district. Except for several non-contributing homes and apartment buildings and business structures around the intersection of Chase Street and Boulevard, the historic district has had few intrusions. Many of the trees planted along Boulevard when the suburb was laid out still shade the broad avenue.

Much of the land in this district originally belonged to the mansions along Prince Avenue. When Athens gained a streetcar line in the 1880s, suburban living in several areas near town became far more convenient. This prompted a group of private developers, known as the Athens Park and Improvement Company, to acquire the area north of the Prince Avenue mansions for the city=s first streetcar suburb. Beginning in 1898 they laid out the Boulevard suburb. The streetcar line, extended from Prince Avenue out Barber Street and westward down Boulevard in this decade, connected the neighborhood with downtown and stimulated its rapid growth. The developers reserved the north side of the district beyond the railroad tracks for industrial development, and when the Southern Manufacturing Company arrived at the turn of the century, the company constructed a mill village there for the mill workers. The west end of Boulevard developed in such close proximity to Normaltown and the Buena Vista area that the latter is often referred to as West Boulevard. Having recognized the value of their historic resources by the 1980s, residents of the Boulevard area petitioned for local designation in order to protect the historic neighborhood from further intrusions.

Several sites within the Boulevard district merit individual recognition; these include the Chase Street School, the University of Georgia President=s House, and the Taylor-Grady House. Other properties of distinction are the Barrow Street Area, the Booth-Morris House, the (General Howell) Cobb House, and the Emmanuel Episcopal Church (see Inventory: Part II). The National Register district includes more than the local district, whose eastern boundary runs north-south along Barber Street, excluding the Pulaski Heights area (see Boulevard Historic District map).

The Boulevard Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (April 18, 1985) and has been locally designated as a Historic District (October 4, 1988).

The Chase Street School is located at 757 North Chase Street (Tax Parcel No. 11-4-D3-A-015) between Boulevard and Prince Avenue.

This one-story brick structure, built in the Spanish Colonial Revival style on a side-facing, U-shaped plan, has been enlarged with several additions. Although some characteristic elements, such as the tile roof and the parapet finials, have been removed, the Chase Street School retains other defining elements such as Flemish bond brickwork, parapeted gable ends, and a brick beltcourse beneath the multi-pane windows. The main, round-arched entrance is marked by a coping-detailed parapet and plain supports, which were originally round with Corinthian capitals. Pilasters on either side of the glazed double doors possess Corinthian capitals, and the arched windows, transom, and sidelights are closed. Similar secondary entrances puncture either end of the facade. Several compatible additions and buildings have enlarged the campus, which occupies a large lot with a deep setback and mature trees.

A fire at the school district=s offices destroyed the original plans and information concerning the architect. However, similarity of design and materials and construction in the same year, 1923, as the David C. Barrow School imply the same builder and architect. Chase retains more of its architectural integrity than Barrow, but together they remain Athens=s=s two oldest public schools. The extant Oconee and College Avenue schools are older but have been adapted to office use.

The Chase Street School is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991) and is a contributing building within the Boulevard National Register Historic District.

The Taylor-Grady House is located at 634 Prince Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 11-4-D4-D-015).

Representing the Greek Revival style, this two-story residence was built on a central hall plan with a four-over-four room arrangement and a raised basement. A low hipped roof and heavy entablature create the impression of a flat roof. Of frame construction, the dwelling displays clapboard and flush siding. Thirteen monumental and fluted Greek Doric columns wrap the facade and front rooms of the house. Twisted wire railings appear between the stuccoed-brick columns, which are believed to represent the original colonies. Pilasters ornament the corners and appear between bays. Triple-sash windows framed by louvered wooden shutters accent the front entrance, which consists of a paneled wooden door topped by a transom and flanked by sidelights and fluted pilasters. Interior features include doorways with pilasters and wooden transom panels, original plaster ceiling medallions, and marble fireplaces with carved and gilded overpanels. Several historic outbuildings survive, such as a pigeon cote, shed, and wellhouse.

General Robert Taylor, who acquired his military rank in the Georgia Militia, moved from Savannah to Athens in order that his sons might attend the University of Georgia and became permanent residents. A planter and cotton merchant, Taylor built the house in 1843. In 1863 Major William S. Grady, father of Henry Woodfin Grady, bought the home from the Taylor estate while on furlough from the Confederate Army. Henry W. Grady, an Athens native destined for editorial fame in the post-reconstruction era, lived here from 1865 until 1868, when he graduated from the University of Georgia. In 1966, the city of Athens purchased the deteriorating house, the only known extant residence associated with Henry W. Grady, and leased it in 1968 to the Athens Junior Assembly. The Junior Assembly (now the Junior League of Athens, Inc.) raised funds to restore the house, furnished it with period pieces, and generated revenue to maintain the building and grounds through rental fees.

The Taylor-Grady House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1114), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (May 11, 1976) as the only National Historic Landmark in Athens-Clarke County, was locally designated as a Historic Landmark (February 2, 1988), and has been recognized by the Georgia Historical Marker Program (029-13). The house is a contributing building within the Boulevard National Register Historic District.

The University of Georgia President=s House, also known as the Benjamin H. Hill House or the Grant-Hill-White-Bradshaw House, is located at 570 Prince Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A1-D-003).

This two-story frame building displays a raised basement and a four-over-four room, central hall plan. Architecturally representative of the Greek Revival style, the house features a three-sided peristyle with fourteen columns supported by brick pillars; eight columns accent the facade and an additional three extend back along either side of the building. The heroic porch is one of the few surviving examples that possess an entablature wholly below the roof line and above the windows. In the manner typical of Georgia=s Piedmont region, there is no pediment. The entrance displays sidelights and a transom of etched glass, square antae and consoles, Corinthian pilasters, and Doric entablature. A balcony with turned balusters ornaments a less elaborate second-floor doorway. A double staircase has replaced the original straight flight of steps, and in the rear, wings flank a two-story Doric porch, originally a simple one-story porch. The opulent interior flaunts an octagonal newel port and balusters, two French thumbprint crystal chandeliers with ceiling medallions, and period furnishings. A Greek Revival influenced, plantation type cottage, which occupies the rear of the lot, may have been originally sited in the current location of the main house. A boxwood parterre garden with brick walks is an appropriate successor to the original English boxwood garden with sand walks in the front yard.

John Thomas Grant of Virginia constructed this house in 1856. Benjamin Harvey Hill, who served in both the House and Senate in Washington, acquired the house in 1876 and added the intricate fruit-and-floral friezes and marble mantels. Hill was credited with persuading President Hayes to withdraw Federal occupation troops in 1877, thus ending military rule in Georgia and the Reconstruction Era. James White, Founder of the First National Bank of Athens, purchased the property in July 1883. His daughter, Mrs. W. F. Bradshaw, inherited the house the same year, and the Bradley Foundation of Columbus, Georgia, acquired the property from her estate and in 1949 presented it to the University of Georgia as a home for its president. Subsequent to its acquisition, the University restored the house, changing the entrance steps, and grounds. Cooper, Bond, and Cooper were the architects in charge of remodeling, and Hubert B. Owens, A.S.L.A., designed the rear gardens. The front yard was refurbished in 1965.

The University of Georgia President=s House was documented by the Historic American Building Survey (GA-1-20) and is listed individually on the National Register of Historic Places (March 16, 1972) and as a contributing building within the Boulevard National Register Historic District.

The Camak House is located at 279 Miegs Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A1-O-001).

Occupying a four-acre city block on a hilltop overlooking Prince Avenue, this two-story building possesses a four-over-four room, central hall plan. The Federal style influence is evident in the fanlight of the central doorway and the white-washed brick construction. A raised basement, a low-hipped roof, and two-story pilasters detail the house. The intricate porch displays columns, railing, frieze, brackets, and acroteria of cast iron. The Meigs Street right-of-way and several other intrusions have imposed upon the original acreage and taken away the previous frontage on Prince Avenue.

Built in 1834-1835 by James Camak, university math professor and builder of the Georgia Railroad, this house was the first to be constructed in the Prince Avenue area. After the incorporation and chartering of the Georgia Railroad in 1833, a stockholders meeting took place at the Camak House in 1834. James Camak served as the first president of the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company and also organized the Camak Factory, which became the Princeton Factory, in 1834. When the Branch Bank of the State of Georgia was established in 1834, he became its director. As a major exponent of improved farming methods, Camak was instrumental in the formation of the country=s first Agricultural Society in 1845. After Camak=s death in 1847, his descendants occupied the house for the next hundred years. A combination wellhouse/bathhouse stood behind the dwelling until demolished about 1934. The Mount Vernon Lodge No. 22, F. & A. M. purchased the building in August 1949, and in 1979 the Coca-Cola Bottling Company bought the property and restored the exterior. The Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation's Revolving Loan Fund facilitated the acquisition of the property by the law firm of Winburn, Lewis, and Barrow. The firm subsequently acquired and rehabilitated the house and won an award from the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation in 1993.

The Camak House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-14-67), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (July 7, 1975), has been locally designated as a Historic Landmark (March 6, 1990) and recognized by theGeorgia Historical Marker Program (029-10).

The Chesnut Grove School

The Chesnut Grove School is located at 610 Epps Bridge Road (Tax Parcel No. 7-4-B-001C).

Occupying less than an acre, the one-room schoolhouse is sheathed in weatherboard and covered by a hipped roof. The lack of interior plumbing and lighting and the use of a pot-bellied stove for heat reflect the crude educational conditions for rural blacks in nineteenth century Georgia. In the absence of a chalkboard, the tongue-and-groove pine board interior walls were painted black.

The building was constructed in 1896 to serve a rural black community, which provided the land, labor, and many of the materials to build the schoolhouse. Owned by a neighboring church, the Chesnut Grove School was also utilized by the community as a social and religious facility.

The Chesnut Grove School is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (June 28, 1984).

The Church-Waddel-Brumby House, also known as the Athens Welcome Center, is located at 280 East Dougherty Street (TaxParcel No. 17-1-B1-A-001).

This two-story dwelling features a two-over-two room, central hall plan one room deep, built on an eight post frame. Influenced by the Federal Style, the house features an unusual soffit molding consisting of beveled-edge blocks of wood drilled with lines of holes. This molding appears to be a local interpretation of a Greek mutule. In addition to an elliptical fanlight, flanking sidelights that terminate in a round arch give distinction to the entrance; most sidelights of the period were squareheaded. Moved an eighth of a mile from its original location on Hancock Street, the current building represents the original compact nucleus of the sprawling house that it had become. The interior stairway and the front porch are reconstructions of original features.

Alonzo Church, professor and subsequent president of the University of Georgia, initiated construction on the house after arriving in Athens in November 1819. Church never resided here, though, because he was persuaded to exchange houses with Dr. Moses Waddel, who occupied the house during his nine-year presidency of the University. In 1934 Mrs. Sarah H. Harris purchased the building, which her great-granddaughters, the Misses Mary Harris Brumby and Anne Wallis Brumby, eventually inherited. The Brumby sisters, the house=s last private owners, occupied the house until their deaths in the mid-1960s. When the city=s urban renewal plan threatened demolition of the house in that decade, concerned citizens formed the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, Inc., and in 1967 saved the house by moving it to its new location on Dougherty Street. Before the move the complete dwelling was thoroughly documented in measured drawings on file with Heery & Heery, Architects. In 1971-72 the city and the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation restored the house with matching funds from the Urban Renewal Administration of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. This was the first use of such funds for historic preservation in the southeast. The building currently serves as a welcome center and house museum, a cooperative venture of the Georgia Department of Industry, Trade, and Tourism, the AthensArea Chamber of Commerce, and the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, Inc.

The Church-Waddel-Brumby House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (February 20, 1975) and locally designated as a Historic Landmark (February 2, 1988).

The Clarke County Jail, more commonly known as the Old Clarke County Jail, is located at 175 Hill Street on the Old Courthouse Square (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A1-I-001).

This two-story, utilitarian building displays a stuccoed and scored exterior, a feature unknown for any other Georgian jail of the period. Portions of the irregular windows have been sealed with concrete block. The ground floor door is to the left of center, and a wooden exterior stair leads from the northeast corner to the second-floor door, which is right of center. Tiny eyebrow dormers accent the roof, originally covered with tin. Five chimneys, at different heights and angles, rise along the sides of the building. The interior "fireproof" construction consists of I-beam framework with curved corrugated iron vaults and poured-concrete floors. The central hall, which originally paralleled the short sides of the building on both floors, remains intact on the ground floor, but all the second story partitions have been removed. The original trap door is visible from the central hall on the ground floor.

Having founded the school of engineering at the University of Georgia, Col. Leon Henry Charbonnier designed several buildings in the Athens area, including Moore College. In 1875, Clarke County purchased the Stevens property on Prince Avenue for the construction of a courthouse complex. Charbonnier designed the courthouse and the jail, and Eaves, McGinty & Company built them. Clarke County=s present courthouse was constructed in downtown Athens in 1913, and Athens High School moved the next year from Childs Street into the old courthouse building. When the high school built a new facility off South Milledge in the 1950s, the vacant property was divided and sold and the courthouse and jailer=s house were demolished. The old jail, located on the western part of the original site, survived. In subsequent years the building served various government functions including offices for the Clarke County Health Department and a storage facility for the Clarke County Police Department building (now demolished). In 1991 Athens Regional Medical Center acquired the property through a land exchange with Athens-Clarke County and donated the building and a portion of the tract to the Historic Cobbham Foundation in 1995.

The Clarke County Jail is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (May 29, 1980) and has been locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991).

The T.R.R. Cobb House was located at 194 Prince Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A2-B-002) (see Inventory: Part III).

The T.R.R. Cobb House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1116), was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (June 30, 1975), and delisted when it was dismantled and relocated to Stone Mountain Park, Georgia (1985).

The Cobb-Treanor House, also known as the John A. Cobb House and as the Brittain Place, is located at 1234 South Lumpkin Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-3-A2-A-014).

This two-story frame building is essentially a Greek Revival plantation house featuring a central hall plan with a four-over-four room arrangement. The detailing and ornamentation of the main body of the Cobb-Treanor house are typical of the Greek Revival style. The Gothic Revival portico, however, reflects the eclectic revivalistic movement in mid-nineteenth century architecture. The attenuated columns are quatrefoil in section and are apparently unique to the Athens-Lexington area. These columns combine with brackets to form shallow, elliptical pseudo-arches and divide the portico into seven bays, the central being approximately twice the width of the three bays on either side. The circular gravel driveway, unpaved but curbed, and a historic side-yard cottage, also survive.

The original owner was a wealthy planter and former legislator, John Addison Cobb. The actual date of construction remains unknown because he neglected to record his deeds, but census records lend credence to the belief that the house was given in 1841 as a wedding gift to his daughter, Laura Cobb Rutherford. The Cobb-Treanor house is the birthplace of her daughter, Mildred Lewis Rutherford, who later gained local prominence as headmistress of the Lucy Cobb Institute and Historian General of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. In 1857 Henry L. Brittain purchased the 25-acre site and the house, which remained in family hands until 1905. Ownership changed often until 1912, when Alexander Woodson Ashford, a wealthy Watkinsville merchant, acquired the building for use as a private dormitory for his four sons attending the University of Georgia. After Kate McKinley Treanor purchased the place in 1929, it became home to her descendants through the 1980s. In 1990, the University of Georgia rehabilitated the building according to the Secretary of Interior's Standards to house the Institute of Community and Area Development (ICAD).

The Cobb-Treanor House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1166) and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (May 8, 1979).

The Cobbham Historic District is the area roughly bounded on the north by Prince Avenue, on the east by Pope Street, on the south by Hill Street and West Hancock Avenue, and on the west by King Avenue.

Often called Athens= first suburb, the Cobbham Historic District encompasses approximately 117 acres. The triangle formed by the intersection of Hill Street and Prince Avenue constitutes the eastern "entrance" to the district, and the intersection of Cobb Street with Prince Avenue forms the western "entrance" to the district. Buildings range in size from small frame cottages to large rambling two-story structures, which once occupied entire city blocks. A number of Victorian era frame houses between Pope Street and North Milledge Avenue exhibit various decorative features typical of the period, although several nineteenth and early-twentieth century houses of frame, brick, and stucco construction are interspersed among these older buildings. Cobb Street remains predominantly residential except for offices and clinics in rehabilitated houses toward the street=s western end. North Milledge Avenue, once one of the city=s most lovely residential streets, today retains few residences, and fewer still that are owner-occupied, because of commercial and office/institutional development. Referred to in early deed records as the Village of Cobbham, the neighborhood developed on part of the original 633 acres that John Milledge donated to the state as a site for the University. Aside from farms along the Jefferson Road, now Prince Avenue, there was virtually no development in the Cobbham area until the trustees of the University surveyed and laid out lots for sale in 1833. In July 1834, John A. Cobb advertised 80 lots for sale adjoining the town on the northwest and to the north of the previously surveyed University lots. Cobb suffered financial reversals around 1840, but he sold some of his lots before the remainder were sold by sheriff=s sale to satisfy his debts. Between 1834 and the Civil War, a number of substantial homes with dependencies were built along newly opened streets, and natural gas lines and cisterns for fire protection were constructed circa 1860. In its greatest period of growth between 1866 and 1930, Cobbham evolved into a rather densely populated in-town neighborhood for the well-to-do and for those of more moderate means. Later development along Prince Avenue divided Cobbham into two sections, with the northern section taking on a separate identity as the Boulevard Historic District. For the twenty years prior to 1950, the area languished. Nevertheless, escalating commercial, institutional, and multiple-residential uses had encroached on the district by the 1970s, galvanizing the Cobbham community to form an organization eventually entitled the Historic Cobbham Foundation, which assisted in local designation efforts to afford protection for the neighborhood.

Within the Cobbham area lie several sites of individual distinction, including Firehall No. 2, the Lucy Cobb Institute, and the Sledge House . The Joseph Lumpkin House (E. K.) is another. A portion of the Cobbham district, namely properties located on the northwest corner of the intersection of Pope and Hancock streets, overlaps the Reese Historic District (see Reese Historic District map). The Dr. William Lorenzo Moss Birthplace, located at 479 Cobb Street , within the historic district, is recognized with a Georgia Historical Marker. The Cobbham Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (August 24, 1978) and has been locally designated as a Historic District (December 27, 1988).

Athens, Georgia 30606

Milton Leathers 543-2941

Open to anyone who is interested in the conservation and restoration of the Lucy Cobb Institute. Also works to preserve the architectural character of the Cobbham Historic District

Athens, Georgia 30606

Tom Noell: 543-8538

The Lucy Cobb Institute is located at 200 North Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-B4-D-025).

Two main buildings comprise this complex, which occupies an entire city block: the Lucy Cobb Institute and the Seney-Stovall Chapel. Originally possessing a central third-story topped by a Regency gable, the main U-shaped building rises two stories above a ground-level basement. The building, of stuccoed-brick construction, has a hipped roof with parapet in front. A broad flight of steps provides access to the one-story, cast-iron verandah with a concave roof. Exhibiting the Greek Revival style, facade windows have cast-iron cornices, and the main entrance features a door with arched panels, sidelights, and transom, all framed by pilasters and an entablature. A one-story porch appears between the rear ells. Outbuildings include a detached brick kitchen and two-story, brick and wood servants= quarters. The adjacent chapel features an octagonal, two-story form. A conical roof with brackets under the cornice crowns this brick building. A one-story Stick style porch with twin staircases gives access to the main entrance, located within a projecting gable. Recessed side panels, defined by a brick stringcourse, allow the corners of the building to appear as pilasters, and an arrangement of three vertical windows also highlights the exterior. A balcony overlooks a smaller interior octagon, which forms the skirt of the stage. Mature oaks and spreading magnolias surround the complex, which retains its historic bus bay and granite curbs.

Prominent jurist, scholar, and Confederate general, T.R.R. Cobb raised the funds necessary to establish an secondary level educational institution for young ladies in Athens. Because he led the initiative to buy the land from the University of Georgia, build the school building in 1858, and open the school in 1859, the institution was named for his daughter, Lucy Cobb, who died of scarlet fever in 1858. Beginning in 1880 and for the next 48 years, Miss Millie Rutherford served the institution in various capacities: as principal, teacher, president and director. During Rutherford=s campaign for funding, Miss Nellie Stovall appealed to prominent philanthropist George I. Seney of New York to secure funds for a chapel building. Seney=s gift allowed the school to hire Athens architect W.W. Thomas to design and construct the Seney-Stovall Chapel, dedicated in 1885. In the early twentieth century, the elemntary grades were reorganized as the Mary Ann Lipscomb Elementary School, while the remaining grades were divided into an academy or high school department and a college or junior college department. In spring 1931, financial difficulties closed the secondary school, and the Lipscomb School ceased operation ten years later. The building served as a dormitory space for the University of Georgia and was deeded to the University in the 1950s. Receiving a $3.5 million federal grant in 1984 and a supplemental $1 million appropriation in 1987, the University renovated the Lucy Cobb Institute to house the Carl Vinson Institute of Government in 1989, although the years of neglect required removal of the third floor. Federal grants also financed restoration of the exterior of the Seney-Stovall Chapel and reconstruction of its elaborate front stairway and porch. The Friends of Lucy Cobb and Seney-Stovall continue efforts to develop matching funds for restoration of the chapel=s interior.

The Lucy Cobb Institute was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1120), is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (March 16, 1972), contributes to the Cobbham National Register Historic District and has been recognized by the Georgia Historical Marker Program (029-08).

Fire Hall No. 2 is located at 489 Prince Avenue in the apex of an acute angle formed by the intersection of Hill Street and Prince Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A1-G-001).

This two-story Victorian-era structure takes the shape of a truncated triangle. Built of brick, the building has large multi-paned windows accented with granite sills and arches of radiating voussoirs. An iron balcony and cut brickwork add decorative qualities to the building. A limestone flame ornaments the facade, and a broad flat arch with keystone tops the original vehicle entrance. The original brass fire pole and bell are extant interior features.

Constructed in 1901, Fire Hall No. 2 provided service until 1979, when it was leased and restored by the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation. The preservation organization converted the station into its new headquarters, with the street level devoted to an art gallery and meeting space.

Fire Hall No. 2 has been locally designated as a Historic Landmark (March 6, 1990) and is a contributing building within the Cobbham National Register Historic District.

Athens, Georgia 30601

Elizabeth Dalton: 353-1801

Seeks to preserve the community=s architectural historical and natural heritage. Conducts workshops, lectures, exhibits, tours and offers fund raising events. Membership is open to anyone interested in historic preservation.

The Sledge House, also known as the Sledge-Cobb-Spalding House, is located at 749 Cobb Street (Tax Parcel No.12-2-B1-F-004).

This large two-story, Gothic style "cottage" possesses a stuccoed brick exterior and a four-over-four room, central hall plan. Three tall triangular dormers with scroll-saw barge boards pierce the tall, steeply pitched roof. The front verandah features a concave hipped roof and filigree cast-iron columns, frieze, brackets, railing, and acroteriae. An etched glass transom and sidelights ornament the walnut double door with its deep jamb casing. An ogee arch with double doors divides the central hall, which has alternating walnut and oak flooring. Principal rooms downstairs have plaster cornices, walnut woodwork trimmed with oak, marble mantels, and silver hinge bolts. Rear additions to the house are of frame construction with clapboard finishing.

Ferdinand Phinizy owned the tract of land prior to 1860 when James A. Sledge, owner and editor of the Southern Banner, bought the place and is reputed to have constructed the house. Sledge, however, had mortgaged the property to Phinizy, who foreclosed that same year. When Phinizy acquired the house at the sheriff=s sale, Lamar Cobb bought the property from him. A one-story wing was added on each side of the rear and two of the gabled rear dormers were altered during the 1880s and l890s. In 1897, E. D. Sledge regained possession of the family home from his mother-in-law, Mrs. Lamar Cobb, and continued its service as a private dwelling.

The Sledge House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-2104), is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (February 12, 1974), is a contributing building within both the Cobbham National Register Historic District and is locally designated as a contributing building within Cobbham Historic District

The Ross Crane House is located at 247 Pulaski Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A2-E-007).

This two-story brick dwelling built in the Greek Revival style possesses a four-over-four room, central hall plan. A full facade Doric porch with square tapered columns shelters a Greek Revival entrance, embellished by fluted pilasters with entablature and a transom with corner and sidelights. Above the central entrance, a doorway of similar configuration opens onto a balcony with a distinctive diamond-patterned railing. Stone lintels cap the windows and accent the stone foundation. Added in the 1930s, two side wing additions adjoin the main building.

Ross Crane, a native of New Jersey, arrived in Georgia in the 1830s and purchased the two-acre site from Esther Finley in 1839. About 1842-1843, Crane built this dwelling. He subsequently constructed several other significant buildings in Athens, such as the Hamilton House and the First Presbyterian Church. A public auction was held after Crane and his wife died, and William E. Alexander acquired the house in December 1870. In 1877 Simon Marks bought the home, and eventually his heirs transferred ownership to the Athens Lodge, Order of Elks around 1920. The Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity purchased the property in 1929 and completed interior alterations so that the house might serve as a dormitory and facility for its social organization.

The Ross Crane House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1111), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (June 18, 1979), and is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991).

The Dearing Street Historic District is the area roughly bounded on the west by South Milledge Avenue, on the north by Broad Street, on the east by Finley street, and on the south by Henderson Avenue.

This fairly level area, which occupies part of a broad ridge west of the University of Georgia campus, is almost square. Streets form a north-south gridiron except for South Milledge Avenue, which bends westward to stay on the center of the ridge. The district features Finley Street as Athens=s only surviving street paved with belgian block. Constructed mostly between 1810 and 1910, the majority of the homes are of frame construction typical of the Georgia Piedmont. Buildings range in size from cottages to two-story houses. Originally occupying substantial lots or entire city blocks, the larger dwellings are interspersed among the cottages, which date from the 1880s through the first decade of this century and feature high hipped roofs. Offering a sampler of styles in domestic architecture, the district also contains three large Italianate style houses. South Milledge Avenue, preferred for mansions by the wealthy, possesses several monumental residences, primarily of the Greek Revival and Neoclassical Revival styles. The distinctive character of the district derives partly from its narrow streets, old hardwood trees, and upper middle-class residences. Some apartment complexes and condominiums have intruded, yet the interior of the district remains residential, confining encroaching office and multiple unit use to South Milledge Avenue and commercial use to Broad and Baxter streets.

Originally part of the 633 acres donated for the site of the University, the area was laid off in three successive surveys. In 1830 Major James Meriwether platted a section west of Pulaski Street, including Finley, Pope, Dearing, Waddell, and Church streets. Each block formed by the intersecting streets was designated as a lot, four acres in size, minus the amount taken for the streets; smaller lots were designated fraction lots. In 1833 W. L. Thomas laid out streets and lots from Church Street on across South Milledge as far west as Rocksprings Street. The last tier of lots fronted the south side of Waddell Street, the southernmost street in this era. In 1844 William L. Mitchell completed a plat that would extend the town=s southern and southwestern residential area. The survey added no new streets, but divided the remaining land into large lots of about 16 acres each, which resulted in triple-long blocks from Waddell Street to Bass, now Baxter, Street.

Within the Dearing Street Historic District reside two sites of individual distinction, the Anderson Cottage and the Tree That Owns Itself. Other buildings of individual merit include the Barrow-Tate Cottage, Bloomfield-Talmadge House, Bond-Kelly House, Carr-Nicholson-Galis House, Chase-Yancey House, Cobb-Ward-Erwin House, Crane-Harris-Coleman House, Descamps Cottage, Durham Cottage, Hartman Cottage, Hutchins-Paddock Cottage, Meeker-Barrow House, Mell-McAdams House, Morris-Miller-Kelley House, and Rucker-Teague House. The western boundary of the Dearing district incorporates an area along the east side of South Milledge Avenue between Broad Street and the south side of Henderson Avenue, which overlaps the Milledge Avenue Historic District; because the larger scale properties within this section front South Milledge Avenue, they are reviewed therein.

The Dearing Street Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (September 5, 1975).

The Anderson Cottage, also known as Miss Ruby=s House, is located at 425 Church Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-C1-B-007).

This one-story asymmetrical cottage in the Queen Anne style has a pyramidal roof with lower-cross gables and a high degree of ornamentation. The full-facade porch features a spindlework frieze with beads, lace-like brackets, turned supports, and chinoiserie detailing within the balustrade. Wooden pegs rather than nails construct the windows and doors throughout the house, suggesting that they antedate the house itself and represent a relatively common practice for builders of the time to use parts from older, dismantled homes. Mimicking a similar chinoiserie balustrade, a new deck connects the house=s south elevation with a two-story front-gable garage.

Allen H. Talmadge sold one-half acre of his vegetable garden, according to an oral history account, to Mrs. Jessie H. Baughn, who built the house there circa 1898. Sanborn Insurance Maps and deed records confirm that the cottage stood on the site in 1915. Miss Ruby Anderson, a distinguished educator, purchased the home in that year and resided there with her siblings, Miss Martha Anderson and Miss Kate Anderson, who were also teachers. Her brother, Henry Claude Anderson, won renown for his innovative soft drink "Budwine," and according to local legend, the formula for this cherry drink was developed in the house. The Anderson Cottage passed out of family hands when Miss Ruby died in the 1970s. Richard M. Harris, Jr. purchased the house in 1979 and initiated the enlargement of the garage, built in 1923. Subsequent renovation and restoration efforts were completed by Kenneth Jarrett and Joan Jackson, who bought the house in 1983, and Nancy and Wendell Eisele, who purchased the home in 1992 and maintain it as a private residence.

The Anderson Cottage is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (December 6, 1994) and is a contributing building within the Dearing Street National Register Historic District.

The Tree That Owns Itself is located on the corner of Dearing and Finley Streets (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A3).

Subject of an enduring legend, the tree has become a familiar landmark on the corner of Dearing and Finley streets. This fifty-foot, white oak occupies a site less than a quarter-acre in size within the Finley Street right-of-way.

According to legend, University of Georgia professor William Jackson lived across Dearing Street from an oak tree, which he often climbed as a child and grew to love. This attachment, so the story goes, prompted Jackson to deed to the tree the land on which it grew. Jackson did live near the oak for four years as a young married man, but he had actually grown up in nearby Jefferson County. On August 12, 1890, the story of the tree first appeared in an unsigned article in the Athens Weekly Banner, and A.L. Hull recounted the legend in his 1906 edition of Annals of Athens. In 1942 storm brought the old tree down. The Junior Ladies Garden Club, with a seedling propagated by Dean William Tate from the original oak, planted the 'heir' on the original site in 1946.

The Tree That Owns Itself was locally designated as a Historic Landmark (February 2, 1988) and is located withn the Dearing Street National Register Historic District.

The Downtown Athens Historic District is the area roughly bounded on the south by West Broad Street, on the west by Lumpkin Street, on the northwest and northeast by Dougherty and Hancock streets, and on the east by Foundry Street.

Athens occupies high ground on the west bank of the Oconee River=s North Fork. The downtown district lies within the central business district, adjoining Old North Campus of the University of Georgia. Athens' "Main Street" is Broad Street, which runs east/west between the University and the town proper. A gridiron pattern delineates the streets, except for a five points area formed at the intersection of Broad Oconee and Thomas Streets east of the campus. The district consists of late nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings, primarily commercial and institutional, with a few industrial structures. Two- or three-story attached buildings predominate, the majority featuring facades of brick or stucco with storefronts on the ground floor. Stylistic details, representative of diverse architectural manifestations of the period, embellish the upper stories. Larger, detached buildings usually house banks, hotels, or governmental facilities and reflect their stature in the community through more elaborate detailing. Although attempts to modernize some of the early buildings have obscured their original character, new construction generally complements the existing buildings in size and scale. Adaptive use of several buildings= upper floors for loft apartments has recreated the residential flavor of the area. Two commemorative obelisks call attention to the traffic island in the center of Broad Street between Lumpkin Street and College Avenue, and the reintroduction of street trees and landscaping also enhances the appearance of the downtown.

After 39 acres of John Milledge=s original 633 acre donation were set aside for a campus, the university trustees periodically sold off the remaining acreage to raise money for operations during the next half century. As successive surveys laid off streets and lots, Athens grew in conjunction with the university. The first settlement of the town occurred generally within the parallelogram formed by Foundry, Front (now Broad), Lumpkin, and Hancock streets; most of the early residences were located within this area, and businesses were established along Front Street and College Avenue. After Clarke County was formed in 1801 and the General Assembly incorporated Athens in 1806, the town expanded rapidly. Prior to the 1820s, only the area east of Lumpkin Street developed, but the town soon became a prosperous commercial and industrial center with the founding of the Georgia Railroad in Athens in 1833 and the beginning of rail service in 1841. Commercial and governmental use multiplied and began to replace residences and open spaces in the district. The streets of vitrified brick, cobblestones, and creosoted wood blocks along with the animal water troughs and the firemen=s cisterns and the large trees and the residential flavor all gave way to modernization, but the downtown area remained the heart of the city. Recognizing the potential application of the Tax Reform Act of 1976, the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation nominated the Downtown Athens district to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, in an effort to facilitate the rehabilitation of the area. With the development of the Georgia Square Mall on the Atlanta Highway in 1981, the buildings of downtown Athens lost their major department store tenants, such as Davison=s (now Macy=s), J. C. Penney, and Belks. Sears moved to the new Beechwood Shopping Center. During the following decade, a proliferation of satellite minimalls and office parks further drained the district=s resources. A creative redesign of College Square, financed by the sale of the city=s defunct parking deck on Broad Street and vigorous progarms under the leadership of the Athens Development Authority, has tended to counter these trends and revitalize the downtown district. In 1980 the National Trust for Historic Preservation selected Athens as one of the first five cities in Georgia (and one of the first thirty in the nation) to participate in the Main Street Program, a national program designed specifically to address downtown renewal and the problems of small, historic city centers. Federal tax credits and low interest loans facilitated the Athens downtown renaissance of the early 1980s. As a genuine town center and community gathering place, the Downtown Athens Historic District hosts the Golden Ginkgo Jamboree, Springfest, and the Twilight Criterium and houses a vast array of shops, restaurants, businesses, clubs, offices, and governmental facilities.

The Downtown Athens Historic District contains a number of sites of individual recognition, including City Hall and the Double Barrel Cannon, Clarke County Courthouse, Franklin House, Georgian Hotel and the Parrott Insurance Building. Other buildings of individual distinction include the Athens Refrigeration and Appliance Company Building, Citizens and Southern National Bank Building (now Nations Bank), Fire Station No. 1, First American Bank and Trust Building, First Presbyterian Church, the Georgia Theatre, Harry Bissett Building, Haygood Building, Heery Building, Kerwin Building, Michael Brothers Building, Moss-Heery Building, Moss-Scott Building, Myers Building, National Bank Building, Newton House, Southern Mutual Insurance Building, Tillman Building, Tinsley-Stern House, U.S. Post Office, and Whitmire Furniture Company Building. Of the two stone obelisks standing in the center of Broad Street, one memorializes Elijah Clarke and the Revolutionary War; the other, originally located in the intersection of College and Washington streets, commemorates the Civil War and Clarke County=s Civil War veterans. Approximately 40 acres in extent as originally nominated, the district boundary was amended to encompass another acre in 1984 (see Downtown Athens Historic District map).

The Downtown Athens Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (August 10, 1978, amended May 31, 1984).

The City Hall and the Double Barrel Cannon are located on the west side of College Avenue between Hancock Avenue and Washington Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-B1-H-002).

This yellow brick building of the Beaux Arts style rises two stories above a raised granite-block basement. Three one-story entrance porticos, articulated by second level balconies with urn-topped balustrades, provide entrance to the rectangular structure. Twin Ionic pilasters rise from each side of the balconies to support pedimented gables that extend above the main line of the flat roof. Rusticated surface treatment is utilized beneath the string course, which encircles the building at the height of the round-arched windows= imposts. A wide entablature, dentils, modillions, and a roofline balustrade embellish the building. The classically arrayed central cupola displays a copper-clad dome, clocks on all four sides, and a crowning lantern with an eagle weathervane. The Double Barrel Cannon, resting on a new carriage, occupies the northeast corner of the City Hall lot.

In 1847 Athens=s first town hall was built in the middle of Market Street (now Washington Street). When the Clarke County seat moved from Watkinsville to Athens in 1872, the town hall also served for a time as a courthouse. In 1893 the city purchased Herrington House on the site of the present City Hall. Attorney S. M. Herrington, who ran his law practice from a small building adjacent to the residence, was the son-in-law of Colonel John I. Huggins, who had acquired the house in the mid-1850s from noted lawyer and judge Charles Dougherty. Augusta architect L. F. Goodrich won the competition for the design of City Hall, and Athens city engineer J. W. Barnett completed its construction in 1904. The Double Barrel Cannon was designed by John Gilleland and cast in 1862 at the Athens Foundry and Iron Works. Although never successfully utilized in battle during the Civil War, the cannon was tested in Augusta by the War Department and used in Athens as a warning signal of approaching Union troops. Although lost for a few years and rediscovered by a junk dealer, the cannon was placed on College Avenue next to the Confederate monument until relocated at its present position. On the City Hall grounds, a 1985 grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation enabled the development of Athens Transit Mall, which widened walkways and bus stops and inserted amenities such as turn-of the century lampposts, recessed bus shelters, and greenspace on the City Hall lot.

The City Hall and the Double Barrel Cannon are locally designated as Historic Landmarks (February 2, 1988), and the Double Barrel Cannon has received recognition from the Georgia Historical Marker Program (029-05). Both are contributing to the Downtown Athens National Register Historic District.

The Clarke County Courthouse is located on the corner of Washington and Jackson streets (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-B1-F-002).

This five-story yellow brick building is a hybrid of the Neoclassical and Beaux Arts styles. The lowest story is an English basement, exposed on the north elevation due to the slope of the land. The symmetrical plan forms a front-facing U with a full-height portico in the central bay of the facade. Classical detailing includes heroic Ionic columns, a false cornice with dentil molding and modillions, side bay pilasters, and a parapet designed to resemble a balustrade with a large cartouche. Above this cornice are windows, originally barred when this level housed the county jail. A beltcourse delineates the first story, and pilasters and concrete bulkheads define a vertical band on the two end bays. Within the vertical band, windows appear in threes, with a large window flanked by single smaller windows. The interior features skylights and a massive central stairwell. A curved section denotes the transition between the original building and the large, yet compatible, Post-Modern addition.

In 1873, the year after the county seat moved from Watkinsville to Athens, Clarke County purchased the original courthouse square on Prince Avenue. The extant courthouse was constructed in downtown Athens in 1913. The Atlanta architect Anthony (Tony) Ten Eyck Brown designed this building, among several notable structures such as the Georgian Hotel next to the courthouse, the Fulton County Courthouse, and the Forsyth Building in Atlanta. Born in Albany New York in 1878, Brown received training at the Academy of Design in New York City. Charles Morton Strahan was the consulting engineer, and the Little-Cleckler Construction Company of Anniston, Alabama was the contracting firm. In 1985 voters passed a sales-tax referendum to fund renovation of the building and construction of a five-story annex. Jenkins-Peer Architects of Charlotte, North Carolina designed this addition, which is connected to the main building by an atrium and abutted by a three-level parking deck.

The Clarke County Courthouse is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991), is a contributing building within the Downtown Athens National Register Historic District and is acknowledged by the Georgia Historical Marker Program (029-04).

The Franklin House, also known as the Old Athens Hotel and the Athens Hardware Company, is located at 464-480 East Broad Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-B3-A-001).

This three-story brick building displays a saddle roof with gable ends and stepped parapet. Architecturally the building exhibits the influence of both the Federal and Greek Revival styles. The facade and east elevation display heavily paneled doors, each with a fanlight, sidelight, pilasters, entablatures and anthemion. Originally, the facade=s second floor door opened onto a porch or balcony, and the east elevation=s second floor door provided access to a pedestrian bridge across Thomas Street. Neither the porch nor the pedestrian bridge remain. Windows of similar configuration appear in the attic story above these doorways. Simulated lintels in stucco or flat arches appear above the remaining windows. On the ground floor level, a cast-iron front features five entrances and expanses of glass, typically associated with mercantile purposes.

In 1843 Major William L. Mitchell, member of the University of Georgia Board of Trustees, bought the site at auction from the University and built the Franklin House, designed for commercial establishments on the ground floor with hotel accommodations on the upper floors. The building was constructed in three stages between 1845 and 1860. Initiation of mercantile activity preceded hotel operations, which began in June 1847. Additions to the rear were constructed before 1860, and the second-floor balconies (or porch) were probably removed during installation of the cast-iron storefront in 1886. As a prominent local hotel, the Franklin House served as a focal point for social and commercial activity as well as political and civic affairs. Governor Howell Cobb and Alexander H. Stephens, later Vice President of the Confederacy, were among its more noteworthy guests. Upon Major Mitchell=s death in 1860, J. W. Nicholson purchased the building and continued its hotel operation until 1865. Subsequently, the Childs-Nickerson Company, later renamed the Athens Hardware Company, operated continuously in the Franklin House for 107 years until 1972, when the hardware firm relocated to North Thomas Street. With demolition impending in 1973, the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation launched a fundraising effort to acquire the building, nominated it to the National Register of Historic Places, and secured a grant from the National Park Service to stabilize it. Athens businessman Hugh Fowler bought the property in 1977 and later sold it to Broad Street Associates of Tucker, Georgia. Their restoration of the building won an award from the Georgia Trust for Historic Preservation in 1983 for outstanding restoration and adaptive use. The Athens Clarke Heritage Foundation holds a conservation easement on this downtown landmark

The Franklin House was documented by the Historic American Building Survey (GA-1122), is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (December 11, 1974), is a contributing building within the Downtown Athens National Register Historic District and is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (March 6, 1990). Athens Clarke Heritage Foundation holds preservation easements on the building.

The Georgian Hotel is located at 247 East Washington Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-B1-G-003C).

This detached, commercial building is five stories high with a first floor rectangular plan, U-shaped upper floors, and a flat roof. The platform frame construction of concrete and steel is clad in brick with limestone detailing. Round-arched windows at the street level feature a running lintel course, stained glass in the upper arched lights above, stylized keystones and modillions between, and a beltcourse atop the keystones. The rhythm established by the windows is not interrupted by the main entrance; this arched and recessed entry possesses paneled and glazed double doors, a plain crown molding supported by pilasters, flanking sidelights, and an arched, stained-glass window. Pilasters mark the corners of the recession, and a Greek key design accentuates the tile floor of the entryway. The fenestration of the upper floors is similarly abundant, featuring a variety of classical details, such as flat-arched and round-arched windows, keystones, another beltcourse, fixed windows, stylized modillions, and brick panels.

The site was the original location of the Market Street School, later known as the Washington Street School, one of the city=s first two public schools, opened in 1887. Anthony Ten Eyck Brown, designer of the courthouse next door, also designed the Georgian Hotel. Completed in 1909, this 125-room hotel served as a gathering place for celebrations and meetings. Author Margaret Mitchell, Governors Eugene and Herman Talmadge, and Dr. Harmon W. Caldwell, former president of the University of Georgia, were among the guests of the Georgian Hotel. During World War II, nurses were housed on the second floor. In 1985 an investment tax credit project enabled the conversion of the hotel into a complex of luxury condominiums named the Georgian, with dining, entertainment, and office space on the ground floor. Further financial and preservation benefits were afforded by the donation of a facade easement and an interior easement (the lobby) to the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation.

The Georgian Hotel is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991) and is a contributing building within the Downtown Athens National Register Historic District. The Athens Clarke Heritage Foundation holds preservation easements on both the exterior of the building and the interior lobby space.

The Parrott Insurance Building, previously the Athens Savings Bank, is located at 283 East Broad Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-B5-D-017).

This three-story commercial building bears a Victorian style front facade. A large round-arched entrance frames the deeply recessed doorway, which features rough hewn stone, a flat lintel, a radiating voussoir segmental arch, and flanking windows. Two string courses divide the second and third stories. Three Italinate stone-arch windows form the bays separated by Doric brickwork pilasters. A double-triangulated, pediment dormer caps the four stone brackets of the projecting cornice. Pyramidal turrets accent the mansard roof. The original interior floor plan, still intact, has two rooms with a side wall stairwell.

In 1858 William T. Stark purchased the site, which then contained a brick store, from John I. Huggins. In 1862 Thomas Bishop acquired the property. A value increase in the tax records for 1886 suggest that the present facade was added that year. The Atlanta National Building and Loan Association bought the property in 1891 and subsequently sold it in 1928 to the National Bank of Athens. Charles Parrott & Associates occupied the building in the 1930s and eventually purchased it in 1950. In 1975 the third floor was adaptively restored as a townhouse apartment.

The Parrot Insurance Building is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (October 7, 1977) and is a contributing building within the Downtown Athens National Register Historic District.

The First African Methodist Episcopal Church is located at 521 North Hull Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A6-D-004).

This one-story brick church reveals a medieval influence in its latin cross interior. Overhanging eaves and dormer windows accentuate the gabled roof, and a wood and brick belfry punctuates the west elevation. A gabled porch shelters the vestibule entrance at the belfry=s base. Round-headed stained glass windows ornament the building, which retains its original hammer beamed roof and auditorium-style seating. A rear corridor connects the church to the education/community center building behind it.

Henry McNeal Turner, the first black appointed as an army chaplain, provided statewide leadership for the African Methodist Church in Georgia and established many congregations. Organized in 1866, this church was named Pierce=s Chapel in honor of the Reverend Lovick Pierce, a white minister who helped this congregation worship independently in a building on the Oconee River. The basement of this early church housed a school for adults and children, which served as a forerunner to the opening of the public school system in 1885. In December 1881, the congregation purchased the current site, which also included a building to be utilized as a parsonage. Macon architect L. H. Persley and Athens builder R. F. Walker formulated the plans and constructed the church in 1916. In 1969 urban renewal plans required demolition of the parsonage, and in 1973, an education/community center building was built on an adjoining lot. As a prominent institution within the black community, the church continues to house the oldest black congregation in Athens.

The First A. M. E. Church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (March 10, 1980).

The Garden Club of Georgia House Museum, also known as the Headquarters House located within the Founders= Memorial Garden on South Lumpkin Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1), adjacent to Old North Campus of the university.

Built on high ground overlooking Lumpkin Street, this two-story brick house possesses a one-over-one room, central hall plan enlarged by flanking one-story additions, one of clapboard and one of brick. The gabled one-story porch, ornamented with cast-iron columns, twin staircases, and a cast-iron balustrade, relieves the simplicity of the facade. The trabeated entrance features a doorway with sidelights and transom, representing the influence of Greek Revival style. A brick addition extends from the rear, and original outbuildings include a brick kitchen and smokehouse. The main house, kitchen, and smokehouse enclose a courtyard, developed as part of the two-and-a-half-acre Founder=s Memorial Garden. The garden is actually a series of gardens, including a formal boxwood garden, a gravel terrace garden, a sunken formal garden enclosed with a serpentine wall, and several informal gardens displaying Georgia=s piedmont plant materials. Completed as part of the garden development, a belgian block court accents the entrance to the main house.

The University of Georgia constructed this dwelling in 1857 as a home for professors, expecting them to live on campus, monitor student activity, and apply discipline as necessary. Through the years, the school has utilized the house as a dining hall, offices, and classrooms. When women were granted admittance to the University, Miss Mary Lyndon became the first Dean of Women and resided in the house. After her death, the house served as a chapter house for the first sorority established on campus, Phi Mu Fraternity. The residence later became the location of the Department of Landscape Architecture. In 1939 Dr. Hubert B. Owens suggested the development of the FounderÆs Memorial Garden as a cooperative project between the Garden Club of Georgia and the University to honor America=s first garden club, founded in Athens in 1891. When the Department of Landscape Architecture moved out of the house in 1956, the Student Placement Office moved in. The Garden Club of Georgia obtained use of the kitchen building and restored it for a state headquarters office in 1959. The organization also acquired the main house in l96l, selected Mr. Edward Wade of Augusta as its restoration architect, and refurbished the residence with period pieces. Dedicated as the headquarters of the Garden Club of Georgia Museum in 1963, the museum headquarters were further embellished by adding to its supervision the Founder=s Memorial Garden, developed between 1939 and 1946.

The Garden Club of Georgia Museum is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (April 26, 1972).

The Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery is located at 530 Fourth Street (Tax Parcel No. 16-4-C1-A-001&002) in northeast Athens.

Fourth Street forms the northern boundary of this cemetery, which occupies moderately sloping, wooded land adjacent to the Springfield Baptist Church.

Founded in 1882 on land purchased from Elizabeth Talmadge, the Gospel Pilgrim Lodge Cemetery became the burial ground of many Athenians of African descent. A high percentage of black Athenians were members of lodges organized around insurance and burial insurance programs. The "Gospel Pilgrim Lodge" was the beginning of the insurance program, where members paid weekly and were guaranteed a large funeral well attended. Prominent citizens buried here include: educator Samuel Harris; administrator Charles S. Lyons, Sr.; builder and postmaster Monroe "Pink" Morton; newspaperman, orator, and political activist William A. Pledger; legislator Alfred Richardson; and four of the five Jackson brothers, a family of physicians. The Gospel Pilgrim Preservation Society maintained the cemetery until its last surviving member, Alfred Hill, died in the mid-1970s. Having weathered a period of neglect over the next decade, the cemetery became the focus of a multi-phase restoration plan prepared and implemented by the Gospel Pilgrim Preservation Society, Inc., when it reorganized in 1986.

The Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery has been locally designated as a Historic Landmark (February 2, 1988).

The Gospel Pilgrim Cemetery Notes:

The West Hancock Avenue Historic District is the area roughly bounded on the north by Hill Street, on the east by Franklin Street, on the south by Broad Street and Hancock Avenue, and on the west by the Plaza.

Originally a black community settled in the rural outskirts of Athens, the region is now situated entirely within the city limits. The northern and central sections of the area extend the city=s original gridiron street pattern; however, the development also encompasses an irregular street design west of Rocksprings Street. Side streets drop off dramatically from Hancock Avenue, which runs along an undulating ridge and serves as the main transportation route through the district. Houses, closely fronting the street, possess similar setbacks and occupy small rectangular lots. Wood-framed vernacular buildings with front porches predominate, displaying one-story construction, front porches, and pyramidal, gable, or hip roofs. A few two-story buildings and several Bungalow and Shotgun forms provide variety within the area. Common architectural features include central doors, double pen or two front doors, recessed porches, dormer windows, and front gables. Other stylistic elements include Greek Revival doors with transoms and sidelights, Neoclassical porches, Queen Anne fishscale shingles, and Victorian porch posts. The district contains a twentieth century vernacular church with Georgian Revival details; this brick church features a modified-cross plan, a central spire upon a gabled roof, round-arched windows with marbled glass, and a portico with columns and three pedimented entrances. Brick commercial buildings primarily occupy corner lots along Hancock Street .

Platted as a portion of Lynwood Park in 1906, although settlement had begun in the late-nineteenth century, the district developed into one of Athens= early black residential areas. The Lynwood Park plat, which included the areas of Hancock, Glenhaven, and Billups streets and the southwestern portion of the district, reflected the evolution of the district from the original grid pattern to an irregular street design. In 1913 the area between Milledge Avenue and the western city limits became an exclusively black settlement, comprising one-sixth of Athens=s black citizens. Because of such racially segregated housing patterns, the West Hancock region served as home to a wide cross-section of the city=s black residents. A residential hierarchy developed, with the more level and elevated sites chosen for larger homes built by the most successful black families. Tradesmen and unskilled laborers lived in the district along with educators, lawyers, and doctors, such as Dr. T. J. Elder, a prominent educator, and Dr. Andrew Jones, a physician. Along with the Reese Street Historic District, this district has remained largely intact and identifiable as an urban black neighborhood.

The West Hancock Avenue Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (March 30, 1988).

The Susan Building, previously known as the Susan Medical Center, is located at 1127 West Hancock Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-B4-E-001).

This two-story, frame building is asymmetrical as a result of an original extension on the east elevation. The shingle-covered structure is capped by a side-gabled roof of fairly shallow pitch, while the overall styling is restrained, it represents the Colonial Revival Style. A graceful gabled entry porch and a front door framed by an elliptical fanlight and flanking sidelights, provide the only ornamentation. A large screened porch occupies the ground level of the east extension. The center hall divides the building=s interior into two halves with a central staircase.

Construction of this building in 1946 and the subsequent opening of a medical facility resulted from an ambitious fundraising effort by "Athens Clubs," comprised of black former Athens residents living in large metropolitan areas. In 1946 Dr. Andrew Jones founded the Susan Medical Center in this building named after his grandmother. He directed the operation of the facility, Athens=s first black maternity hospital, until his death in 1952. Dr. Donarell R. Green, co-founder of the Northeast Georgia Medical Association, purchased the center in 1953, oversaw its operation until 1964, and continued his private practice within the building until the mid-1970s. Attorneys Thurmond, Thurmond, Miller and Rucker leased the property in 1980 and later restored the building.

The Susan Building is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (February 2, 1988) and is a contributing building within the West Hancock National Register Historic District.

Homewood is located at 255 Milledge Heights (Tax Parcel No. 17-3-C3-H-001).

This two-story frame house is a late Federal example of the side-hall or half-house plan and an unusual early-nineteenth century variation of New England residential traditions. Both floors share the nearly square plan of two rooms with a side hall and staircase. With a second set of rooms, the house would have a balanced four-over-four room, central hall plan. Another unusual feature of the house, rare for southern houses of this era, is its central chimney placement, which served fireplaces in both main rooms of each floor. The New England background of its builder doubtless accounts for this common architectural feature of the Northeast. Full-width porches cover the front and rear, the latter of which retains its wheatsheaf design balustrade. Heart pine floors and a sunburst mantel design continue to distinguish the interior.

Alonzo Church, a Vermont native and a graduate of Middlebury College, came to Athens in November 1819 as a professor in the Mathematics Department of the university. Upon his arrival, Church began construction of a home to the northeast of the Franklin College campus. But President Moses Waddel persuaded Church to exchange houses with him, so Church never occupied the house that bears his name, the Church-Waddel-Brumby House. After Church succeeded Waddel as president in l829, he built Homewood around 1830 as a summer residence on his farm just south of the city limits. Following Church=s death, the building served as a hospital and morgue during the Civil War. The house subsequently fell into disrepair, and the surrounding land was subdivided. In 1985 John Barrow, a great-great-great-grandson of Alonzo Church, acquired and restored Homewood, Athens= oldest in situ residence.

Homewood is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991).

The Hoyt Street Station, previously known as the North East Railroad Warehouse and Station, is located at 95 Hoyt Street (Tax Parcel No. 16-3-C5-A-002B).

The one-and-a-half story freight station has a brick facade, originally divided into eleven bays of which nine survive. A freight door opening, capped by windows, denotes each bay. Windows and ordinary doors replace the original freight doors. A small cupola occupies the center of the tiled shed roof, which has wide, over-hanging eaves with cast-iron beam supports. An awning covers the wooden walkway that fronts the facade. Tongue and groove boards cover the ceiling, roof overhang, and interior wainscotting. In the passenger depot across the dead-end tracks, two eight-sided rooms, originally utilized as the ticket office and the dispatch office, subdivide the interior. Built of brick, the depot features granite thresholds and sills and arched windows complemented by brick arches. The granite half-wall and detailing reflect the influence of the Richardsonian Romanesque style.

The North East Railroad Company about 1875 constructed the Hoyt Street Station as a freight depot on the Atlanta-Charlotte Airline Railway. The Georgia State Legislature had authorized bond issues to promote railroad construction after the Civil War. By a bond issue this route was extended from Lula to Belton and used immediately for the transportation of cotton. In 1895 the Southern Railway bought out North East, established passenger service around the turn of the century, and built the passenger station in 1909. In the 1920s, the shipment of new automobiles by rail created a new business for the Southern Railroad; as the only company with a station platform large enough to handle them, Southern transported all automobiles shipped into Athens. The passenger station remained in service into the 1930s and the freight depot until 1956. In 1972 the passenger station interior was restored when this building and the freight depot were leased to local businessmen and became a nightclub and shopping complex called The Station; the passenger station housed The Station Restaurant and the freight depot provided space for retail shops. By 1986, though, The Station had gone out of business and the passenger depot stood vacant, threatened with demolition. At this point, the Athens-Clarke Heritage Foundation, serving as intermediary, facilitated a transfer of the passenger station from the Norfolk and Southern Railway to the Athens Community Council on Aging, who renovated the building as their headquarters in 1989. The freight depot, retained by Norfolk and Southern, suffered a serious fire in 1995 and remains vacant.

The Hoyt Street Station is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (November 1, 1988).

The Joseph Henry Lumpkin House, also known as Judge Lumpkin House and the Lumpkin-Barrow-Childs House, is located at 248 Prince Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 17-1-A1-A-001).

This two-story frame building on the north side of Prince Avenue represents the Greek Revival Style. A two-story portico with Greek Doric columns and a modified entablature dominates the facade and wraps around the building=s sides. Although the main roof is hipped, the entablature forms a parapet around the facade and sides. Pilasters with entablatures frame the full length first-floor windows and the entrance door with its transom and sidelights. A balcony with a wood lattice railing shelters the entrance doorway. The back wing, a two-over-two room, central hall structure built on an eight post frame, was the original house, long since moved and turned sideways to the street. The two-over-two room, central-hall front addition, with its Greek Revival colonnade and detailing, more than doubled the size of the original, which has been enlarged further by several additions to the rear.

Charles H. McKinley, credited with building the house on its original hilltop site four hundred feet back from the street, sold the property to Jesse Robinson in 1837. In 1842 John B. Lamar of Bibb County purchased the property, and Joseph H. Lumpkin bought it the next year from Andrew J. Lamar. Lumpkin, one of the three founders of the University of Georgia School of Law, served in the Georgia legislature and framed the state penal code. When the Georgia Supreme Court was established in 1845, he became one of its three initial judges and was elected the first Chief Justice. Around 1850 Lumpkin extensively remodeled and enlarged the house. He added to the south elevation the two-over-two room, central-hall addition with an adjoining porch and colonnade, the present facade. After his death in 1867, Madame Sophie and Miss Callie Sosnowski rented the house for nearly thirteen years, operating the Home School for young ladies. When A. K. Childs bought the property in 1876, it had landscaped terraces extending down the sloping front yard to the street. In 1906 the house was moved forward down the slope to its present location. In 1919 the Athens Woman=s Club purchased it from ChildsÆs descendants, alternately leasing it as a furniture store, a fraternity, offices, and apartments before the club eventually donated it to the Joseph Henry Lumpkin Foundation in 1975. The Foundation, with matching grants from the Department of the Interior, restored the house, the exterior in 1981 and the interior in 1985, to be used for small meetings and seminars by the University of Georgia School of Law and state and local bar associations, and as a place available to the public for entertaining. The Foundation deeded the property to the University of Georgia and it is presently utilizd as the U.G.A. Institute for Continuing Legal Education.

The Joseph Henry Lumpkin House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1115), is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (June 27, 1975), and is recognized by the Georgia Historical Marker Program (029-12).

The Governor Wilson Lumpkin House, also known as the Rock House, is located on Cedar Street (Tax Parcel No. 17-1) in the middle of the University of Georgia=s south campus.

Built high upon Cedar Hill looking northward over the Tanyard Creek ravine, and today=s Sanford Stadium, this two-story house possesses a two-over-two room, central hall plan. Built of stone collected around the property and cut and dressed on site, the dwelling stands on two-foot-thick basement walls. On the north elevation a steep flight of stone steps leads to a small one-story porch with simple wooden post supports. Revealing the influence of the Greek Revival style, a transom and sidelights accent the central entrance. An adaptation of a Palladian window, featuring the traditional sidelights but omitting the light above the center window, appears above the doorway. Stone lintels embellish the remaining windows.

Notable Georgian, Indian Commissioner, Congressman, and Governor, Wilson Lumpkin purchased the first parcel of what became an almost 1000-acre plantation south of Athens on the "road to Watkinsville." By 1842 his farm was enclosed within the city limits. He designed his residence to resemble the old millhouse at Cedar Shoals, and engaged Edward Lilley of Ireland to do the stonework, David Demorist of New Jersey for the woodwork, C. G. Oliver of England for the painting, and a Mr. Williams of New York City for the plastering. Construction began in 1842 and ended in 1844. Governor Lumpkin was the older brother of Joseph Henry Lumpkin and the father of Martha Atlanta Lumpkin Compton, for whom a strategic junction on the Western and Atlantic Railroad was first named Marthasville and later Atlanta. When his daughter inherited the plantation, she gradually sold off acreage to the university as it expanded southward. When the university purchased the remaining acreage including the house in 1907, she insisted on a provision that the house be kept intact or the property would revert to her heirs. This protective clause insured the preservation of the dwelling, which has been used as a classroom, branch library, computer center, and headquarters for the Institute of Ecology. The College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences= academic unit of the Cooperative Extension Service currently occupies the building.

The Governor Wilson Lumpkin House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (March 16, 1972).

The Milledge Avenue Historic District is located along both sides of Milledge Avenue from Broad Street to Lumpkin Street at the Five Points intersection.

This district of approximately sixty acres comprises an intact residential portion of South Milledge Avenue, which follows the crest of the broad north-south ridge west of the University of Georgia campus. Lots varying considerably in size divide the relatively flat terrain. Buildings, predominantly two-story in height and massive in scale, front South Milledge Avenue. Principal building materials are wood and brick. An eclectic collection of mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth century mansions exhibits a variety of architectural styles and forms, including Greek Revival, Queen Anne, NeoClassical, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Craftsman, American Foursquare, and Bungalow. More modest and vernacular types of housing from the 1920s and 1930s appear infrequently. Currently zoned office-institutional, the district contains several non-contributing structures, which date from the 1950s to the present and serve as fraternity/sorority houses, apartment buildings, and office buildings.

In the early 1800s, the main north-south ridge road on the western outskirts of Athens was named Milledge Avenue in honor of John Milledge, who donated the land for the university and later became governor of the state. A notable residential area developed incrementally along Milledge Avenue as the spacious farms and hardwood forest on the broad ridge were periodically subdivided into lots. The pastoral beauty of the landscape, the generous size of the lots, and the relatively cool and healthful location all combined to encourage Athenians of wealth and prominence to build mansions along Milledge Avenue. In the antebellum era these were mostly of the Greek Revival style, but by mid-century large Victorian homes began to appear among them. The twin plagues of Civil War and Reconstruction retarded progress, then development south of Broad Street surged during the 1880s and 1890s. In the mid-1890s, one of AthensÆ main streetcar routes ran down this avenue of mansions. After the 1929 stock market crash and the Great Depression that followed, these large homes became relatively expensive to maintain. Heretofore single family and owner-occupied dwellings, the mansions one after another underwent conversion to rental property with the usual result of deterioration and neglect. During the mid-twentieth century, fraternity and sorority organizations salvaged several structures through adaptive use as chapter houses and dormitories. Some organizations chose to demolish and rebuild, as may be seen in several colossal and pseudo-historic architectural forms in the district. More recently office and institutional uses have pervaded the area and continue to erode the historic character of this grand avenue.

Within the boundary of the Milledge Avenue Historic District are several sites worthy of individual recognition: the Dearing House, Hamilton House, Hodgson House, Phinizy-Segrest House, Scudder-Lewis House, Thomas-Carithers House, and the Wilkins House. Other buildings of individual distinction include the Fleming-Wilkins House, Hardeman House, Harris-Webster Cottage, Lipscomb-McWaters House, Phinizy House, Taylor-Hulme Cottage, and the White House (see Inventory: Part II) . The northeastern boundary of the Milledge Avenue district incorporates an area, on the east side of South Milledge between Broad Street and the south side of Henderson Avenue, which overlaps the Dearing Street Historic District (see Inventory: Part I).

The Milledge Avenue Historic District is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (April 18, 1985).

.Milledge Avenue Historic District Notes:

The Albin P. Dearing House, more commonly known as the A. P. Dearing House, is located at 338 South Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-D2-A-007).

This two-story brick building in monumental Greek Revival style has a four-over-four room, central hall plan. A heroic Greek Doric peristyle dominates the facade and sides. The stuccoed-brick columns are coupled and truncated. Pilasters frame the rectangular sidelights and transom of the central doorway, which is composed of low relief Greek fretwork panels supporting simple molded capitals, a plain frieze, and a box cornice. Jack arches detail the recessed full-length windows. A three-story dormitory has been added to the rear of the building.

William Dearing, early textile industrialist and railroad businessman, became a man of wealth and status in Athens. His son, Albin Pasteur Dearing, bought this property in 1857 from the university trustees and built this imposing home the next year. His descendants occupied the house until property taxes and maintenance costs forced his granddaughter, Katherine Dearing Godwin, to sell it. In 1938 Kappa Alpha Theta Sorority purchased the property from her and altered the building to accommodate a dormitory and social use.

The A. P. Dearing House was documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (GA-1133), is individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (May 8, 1979), is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991) and is a contributing building within the Milledge Avenue National Register Historic District.

The James S. Hamilton House is located at 150 South Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-B4-J-004).

Bearing the mixed influence of Greek Revival and Italianate styles, this two-story dwelling was built on the familiar four-over-four room, central hall plan. A one-story cast-iron porch and balustrade give distinction to the stuccoed brick exterior. The elaborate grillwork utilizes a combination of Gothic, Classical, and Byzantine motifs. Stone lintels cap the triple-hung first-floor windows and the main entrance, which is framed by a transom and sidelights and crowned by a second-story Palladian style window. Massive Italianate brackets with pendant drops call attention to the wide eaves. Although the property once included a detached kitchen, smoke house, servants= quarters, corn crib, carriage house and stables, none of these outbuildings remain. A dormitory addition extends from the rear of the building.

In 1857 Dr. James Sherwood Hamilton purchased two lots on South Milledge Avenue from the university trustees and chose Athens architect Ross Crane to build this residence. Although construction began in 1857, the ornamental ironwork from the Wood-Perot Foundry in Philadelphia was not added until 1861. Dr. Hamilton served as the director of several railroads, trustee of the University of Georgia, and president of the Princeton Manufacturing Company. Hamilton died in 1888; following the death of his wife in 1896, the will was contested, resulting in a law suit that eventually forced the five Hamilton sisters to purchase their family home at sheriff=s auction in 1900. Financial difficulties prompted the sale of the property around 1906-07 to Edward Hodgson III, president of the Empire State Chemical Company. The Hodgsons refurbished the home, installed water and electricity as well as the granite stairs, and demolished the neglected outbuildings. Alpha Delta Pi Sorority acquired the property from the Hodgsons in 1939, completed restoration efforts, and added the rear dormitory wing.

The James S. Hamilton House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (April 24, 1979) is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (March 6, 1990) and is a contributing building within the Milledge Avenue National Register Historic District.

The Hodgson House is located at 126 South Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-B4-J-005), on the southwest corner of Milledge and Broad.

Representative of the Craftsman style, this building=s most distinctive feature is the green pantile tile roof, a feature enhanced by the comparatively large scale and mass of the house. The front-facing U-shaped plan incorporates a full-width integral porch, supported by uncoursed stone piers. A large hipped-roof dormer with three pairs of windows embellishes the main roof, which is clipped and gabled. Although shingles clad the main body of the dwelling, half-timbering appears in some of the gable ends. Decorative elements include brackets beneath wide overhanging eaves, exterior stone chimneys, multi-pane windows, decorative windows with a diamond-shaped design, and a doorway transom featuring a similar diamond motif. A lintel course that encircles the house is broken only by the chimneys. A hipped, secondary roof shelters the one-story extension in the rear and the enclosed sleeping porches on the south side.

On land his older brother, E. R. Hodgson, sold to him, Harry L. Hodgson constructed this residence in 1910. Harry L. Hodgson was president of the Hodgson Oil Refining Company and an officer of the Empire State Chemical Company, Inc. When the Hodgson House was threatened with demolition in 1979 to make way for a Steak and Ale Restaurant, the Alpha Delta Pi Sorority quickly bought the property and renovated the building for additional housing and storage space.

The Hodgson House has been locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991) and is a contributing building withn the Milledge Avenue National Register Historic District.

The Phinizy-Segrest House, also known as the Hamilton-Phinizy-Segrest House, is located at 250 South Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-D2-B-002).

This two-and-a-half-story building represents the Greek Revival style with an elaborate double gallery of cast iron. The symmetrical H-shaped plan has a central main section with a two-tiered porch and one-and-a-half-story wings. Of frame construction and clad in weatherboard, it has a hipped metal roof. The porch, which was raised to accommodate an English basement, features an elaborate balustrade, porch supports, and lace-like brackets, all of cast iron.

Dr. Thomas N. Hamilton began construction of the house in 1857 but did not live to see the building completed in 1858. His widow, Sarah Hamilton, resided there for a time before Dr. and Mrs. H. C. White rented the house. In 1890 the widow of Ferdinand Phinizy bought the house, remodeled the interior extensively, and installed gas chandeliers. Her granddaughter, Mrs. Robert T. Segrest, sold the house to Phi Mu Sorority in 1964. Phi Mu rehabilitated the property, replaced the existing straight flight of stairs with a curving double set, added wings to the building, and constructed dormitory space at the rear. An original balustrade atop the portico was removed. The source of the ironwork remains uncertain, but according to local historians, the grillwork supposedly was shipped from Philadelphia on the last train South before the Civil War. Athens had two foundries at this time, however, where the design could have been duplicated.

The Phinizy-Segrest House is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (January 8, 1991) and is a contributing building within the Milledge Avenue National Register Historic District.

The Scudder-Lewis House, also known as the Ward B. Lewis Jr. House, is located at 490 South Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-D2-A-001A) on the northeast corner of Baxter Street.

This two-story Queen Anne style building has an irregular plan and exuberant ornamentation. The complex-roof shape includes a polygonal turret-capped tower. While weatherboard clads the first floor, coursed shingles distinguish the upper story. A decorative front gable surmounts the entryway and the large front porch that wraps around the facade. Other features include dentils and Doric columns, lace-like brackets and sawnwork, distinctive uses of a diamond motif, and a row of three arched stained glass windows. The northwest corner of the house displays a gable-on-hip kitchen, which was incorporated into the main building. Behind the main house a carriage house, with a square vented cupola and decorative door hoods, once served as domestic servants= quarters.

Charles Alexander Scudder and his wife, Nina Wilkins Scudder, purchased the property from the estate of Mary A. Hughes on December 7, 1893. At that time a one-and-a-half room cottage stood on the property. The Scudders renovated and enlarged the building into the elaborate Queen Anne house, which remained their home until 1963. During the next eighteen years, various owners rented out the place as a rooming house and as a fraternity house, which resulted in deterioration from neglect. In 1981 Ward and Erika Lewis bought the place, restored the main house, and renovated the carriage house for studio use three years later.

The Scudder-Lewis House is locally designated as a Historic Landmark (December 6, 1994) and is a contributing building within the Milledge Avenue National Register Historic District.

The Thomas-Carithers House is located at 530 South Milledge Avenue (Tax Parcel No. 12-2-D4-F-001), on the southwest corner of Baxter and Milledge.

This building, often called the "Wedding Cake House" due to the exuberance of its architectural detailing, is characteristic of the Beaux Arts style of architecture. The two-story frame house possesses an irregular plan, with large proje