Ed Jackson and Charles Pou

Carl Vinson Institute of Government

The University of Georgia

April 4

1737 In England, James Oglethorpe told the Trustees that a commission had been drawn up designating him general-in-chief of the military forces of South Carolina and Georgia, but that he would not accept the commission unless he was given a regiment of 700 men and the rank of colonel. Oglethorpe also showed the Trustees his plan for a new fort -- named Fort Frederica -- on St. Simons Island.

1834 Diarist and early feminist Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas was born in Augusta, Ga. Gertrude Thomas was born into an aristocratic Augusta family and seemed destined to live the life of a wealthy white southern woman when she married Princeton graduate Jefferson Thomas in 1852. But financial problems began to plague the family early, and after the Civil War (much of their property was in slaves) they fell deeply into debt, ultimately losing all their property. Thomas was extremely well read and as a college graduate (Wesleyan Female College in Macon), she helped the family survive by teaching school. Later in life, she became involved with the Women's Christian Temperance Union. When one of her sons, a successful physician, invited his parents to come live with him, they liquidated all their property to help clear debts, and moved to Atlanta. Here, Thomas became involved with the Georgia Women's Suffrage Association, attended the national convention in 1895, and served as its president in 1899, while corresponding with noted figures Rebecca Latimer Felton and Mary Latimer McClendon. She died in 1907 but left a lasting legacy of her life and times in a journal she kept from 1848-1889. A talented writer and unique (for her time) thinker, the diary covers her life from an aristocratic young teen, through her courtship and marriage, the turmoil of the Civil War, and her family's slow descent into poverty after the war. Through the journal one can watch her grow into a pioneer feminist as well as enjoy her commentaries of the momentous events she witnessed. Significant portions of the journal have been published in Virginia Ingraham Burr (ed.), The Secret Eye: The Journal of Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas, 1848-1889 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990).

1901 Former Confederate general George Thomas "Tige" Anderson died in Anniston, Alabama. Born Feb. 3, 1824 in Covington, Ga. Anderson served in the Mexican War and later in the U.S. Army (1855-58). In 1861, he joined the 11th Georgia as a colonel. He commanded a brigade in D R Jones' division during the battles of Seven Days, Second Manassas, and Sharpsburg. In Nov. 1862, he was promoted to brigadier general and commanded his own brigade in Hood's Division at the battles of Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, and Knoxville. He commanded his own brigade in Field's Division at the battles of The Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Appomattox. Anderson's post-war career included jobs as a freight agent, police chief, and tax collector.

1968 At age 39, civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot by a sniper while he stood on the balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. Reaction was immediate. King had been in Memphis to help striking black sanitation workers in their labor dispute with the city.

In Atlanta, mayor Ivan Allen saw a television news flash telling of King's shooting and called Coretta Scott King to express his sympathy and ask if there was anything he could do. At the time, King was still alive, so she asked Allen to help her get to the airport to catch a plane to Memphis. Allen arranged a police escort and he and his wife accompanied her to the airport. Upon arriving, they received the news that King had just died. Allen and his wife returned home with Mrs. King and family members. There, she received a phone call of condolences from Pres. Lyndon Johnson. Johnson then went on national television to express his sorrow and to appeal for calm: "We have been saddened. I ask every citizen to reject the blind violence that has struck Dr. King, who lived by nonviolence . . . .We can achieve nothing by lawlessness and divisiveness among the American people." Presidential candidate Robert Kennedy said "Rev. King had a life dedicated to peace, justice, compassion, and nonviolence. It is up to us to fulfill his dream." In Georgia, longtime King foe Gov. Lester Maddox had no public comment and refused to take reporters' questions.

Across America, however, reaction was immediate as many blacks expressed grief and outrage over King's assassination. Singer James Brown went on national television to appeal for restraint, but rioting broke out in more than 100 cities across America, resulting in the deaths of 46 people. In Atlanta that night, it was raining heavily, which helped spare the city from the violent demonstrations experienced elsewhere.

1974 Atlanta Brave Hank Aaron hit home run number 714 on opening day against Cincinnati at Riverfront Stadium, tying him with Babe Ruth for most career home runs. On his first at-bat of the 1974 season, with the count of 3 balls and 1 strike, Aaron hit a 3-run homer (though the Reds went on to defeat the Braves 7-6 in 11 innings). Concerned that Aaron might break Ruth's record in Cincinnati rather than in Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium, the Braves considered benching Aaron for the remainder of the series. However baseball commissioner Bowie Kuhn ordered that Aaron had to play in at least two of the 3 remaining games in Cincinnati.

1974 A series of tornadoes ripped through northwest Georgia, killing sixteen people and injuring another 109. Governor Jimmy Carter declared thirteen counties disaster areas.

1988 Gov. Joe Frank Harris signed an act [see text] designating the Tiger Swallowtail as Georgia's official state butterfly.

1997 The Atlanta Braves began playing at their new home - Turner Field.

In Their Own Words on This Day. . .

1739 In his journal detailing a record of the Salzburgers who settled in Georgia, Lutheran minister John Martin Boltzius wrote:

"We now have only a few children in the school, as they are needed all day in the fields to guard against the ravens and crows that scratch up the newly planted corn. However, they are being sent to the prayer meetings most of the time, so that they do hear something every day for their edification."

Source: George Fenwick Jones and Renate Wilson [eds.] Detailed Reports on the Salzburger Emigrants who Settled in America . . . Edited by Samuel Urlsperger, Vol. 6 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981), p. 60.

1865 From Smithville, Ga., Eliza and Metta Andrews waited to catch a train while visiting their sister near Albany. At the depot, they watched a train go by carrying Union prisoners just released from Andersonville Prison by Confederate authorities:

"Up early and at the dépot. . . .We had to wait five hours there for the train to Cuthbert. The hotel was so uninviting that we stayed in the car, putting down the blinds and making ourselves as comfortable as we could. . . . Just before the train arrived on which we were to leave, there came one with 1,100 Yankee prisoners on their way from Anderson en route for Florida, to be exchanged. [This was a mistake. The Confederacy having now practically collapsed, and the government being unable to care for them any longer, the prisoners remaining in the stockade were sent to Jacksonville, where the Federals were in possession, and literally forced back as a free gift on their friends.] The guard fired a salute as they passed, and some of the prisoners had the impudence to kiss their hands at us -- but what better could be expected of the foreign riff-raff that make up the bulk of the Yankee army? If they had not been prisoners I would have felt like they ought to have a lesson in manners, for insulting us, but as it was, I couldn't find it in my heart to be angry. They were half- naked, and such a poor, miserable, starved-looking set of wretches that we couldn't help feeling sorry for them in spite of their wicked war against our country, and threw what was left of our lunch at them, as their train rattled by, thinking it would feed two or three of them, at least. But our aim was bad, and it fell short, so the poor creatures didn't get it, and if any of them noticed, I expect they thought we were only "d - d rebel women" throwing our waste in their faces to insult them. I am glad they are going to be exchanged, anyway, and leave a climate that seems to be so unfriendly to them, though I think it is the garden spot of the world. If I had my choice of all the climates I know anything about, to live in, I would choose the region between Macon and Thomasville. . . ."

Source: Eliza Frances Andrews, The War-Time Journal of a Georgia Girl: 1864-1865 (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1908), pp. 131-133.

1968 In reflecting on the night of Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination, then-mayor Ivan Allen later wrote:

"The obvious question was, would there be trouble in Atlanta, Martin Luther King's birthplace? By now, that was the major question in mind. Could we hold together that huge Atlanta University complex on the west side of the city, the six predominantly Negro universities and colleges -- Martin's alma mater, Morehouse College, among them -- from whence had come the frontline soldiers in the civil-rights crusade? Without a doubt, the world had already shifted its attention from Memphis to Atlanta. The body would be brought back here, and it would be put into the ground here . . . .

"Then, about midnight, I finally got in a call to the President.

" 'What does it look like down there,' he said.

" 'It's all right, right now, Mr. President,' I told him. 'I'm worried, but I'm hopeful. It's raining pretty hard, and that's a big help. It'll keep people off the streets.'

" 'We've had a lot of rioting in the country,' said Johnson.

" 'I'll do whatever's necessary, Mayor,' he said, 'but this stuff is breaking out all over. I hope we don't have to send anybody down there. I hope if it gets bad in Atlanta the National Guard can take care of it.'

"Then, just as I was preparing to leave City Hall to go home for some sleep, I had a long distance call . . . from Robert Woodruff, the developer of Coca-Cola . . . ."

" 'Ivan,' he said, 'the minute they bring King's body back tomorrow -- between then and the time of the funeral -- Atlanta, Georgia, is going to be the center of the universe.' He paused. 'I want you to do whatever is right and necessary, and whatever the city can't pay for will be taken care of. Just do it right.' He was, in one breath, relieving me of any worries such as how we were going to pay for necessary police protection. I can't imagine the mayor of any other city in the United States being given a blank check like that, under such trying circumstances."

Source: Ivan Allen and Paul Hemphill, Mayor: Notes on the Sixties (N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1971).

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© Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia

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