Ed Jackson and Charles Pou

Carl Vinson Institute of Government

The University of Georgia

February 21

1730 A year after the Gaols [Jails] Committee had been appointed to investigate abuses in England's prisons, chairman James Oglethorpe launched a second round of investigations. In 1729, he and the committee had concentrated their attention to Fleet Prison, where Oglethorpe's friend Robert Castell had died from smallpox. This new round of investigations, which lasted through May, would focus on the king's prisons in Southwark and Marshalsea. Oglethorpe's work on the Gaols Committee had two important consequences for Georgia. First, it exposed the plight of England's imprisoned debtors, leading him to consider the broader questions of the causes and solutions of poverty. Second, his humanitarian efforts were widely noted -- both in Parliament and in the press -- which would aid his efforts as a leader in the movement for a new colony in America to send England's worthy poor.

1787 Congress adopted a resolution calling for a convention "for the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation, and reporting to Congress, and the several Legislatures, such alterations and provisions therein as shall, when agreed to in Congress, and confirmed by the States, render the Federal Constitution adequate to the exigencies of government and the preservation of the Union."

1804 Georgia Surveyor General Daniel Sturges sent the following letter to surveyor Levin Wailes: "You are hereby appointed and authorised to run and mark a dividing line . . . between the counties of Wilkinson & Baldwin, which are formed within that part of the said Cession (referring to Creek land cession of 1803), lying South of the Oconee River, and to lay out the said Counties into Five districts each . . . ."

1828 At the Cherokee Nation's capital in New Echota, Ga., Elias Boudinot published the first issue of the Cherokee Phoenix, a bi-lingual newspaper printed in English and Cherokee. [Click here to see a portion of the first issue.]

1856 Legislation was approved changing the name of Kinchafoonee County to Webster County. Created in 1853, Kinchafoonee County had been named for the major creek that ran through the area. Apparently, outsiders found the Indian name awkward, so local residents asked the General Assembly to change the county's name to honor U.S. politician and orator Daniel Webster.

1940 Civil rights advocate and politician John Lewis was born in Troy, Alabama. Lewis was involved in the civil rights movement, participating in the 1961 freedom rides and the march on Washington in 1963. He helped found the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and was its president from 1963-1966. Lewis was among the the group of over 500 marchers who were attacked on a bridge in Selma, Alabama on March 7, 1965, which helped lead to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. After moving to Georgia, Lewis stayed active in the Southern Regional Council's voter education drives. He also directed the Voter Education Project, which led to the registration of four million African-Americans. President Carter appointed Lewis to head the federal volunteer agency ACTION in 1977. Lewis' political career began in 1981, when he was elected to the Atlanta City Council. He served there until 1986, resigning to run for Congress. In November 1986, Lewis was elected to represent Georgia's 5th congressional district -- a position he still holds. Currently, Lewis is a member of the House Ways and Means Committee, the Democratic Steering Committee, the Congressional Urban Caucus, the Congressional Black Caucus, and the Congressional Caucus on Anti-Semitism. He also serves as Chief Deputy Democratic Whip.

1956 Because of their role in the Montgomery bus boycott, Martin Luther King and a number of black leaders of the Montgomery Improvement Association were indicted for allegedly violating Alabama law by conspiring to hinder and prevent the operation of a business without "just or legal cause."

1958 Gov. Marvin Griffin signed legislation creating the Stone Mountain Memorial Association as a state authority empowered to borrow money and oversee construction and development of Stone Mountain and the adjacent property as a Confederate memorial and public recreational area.

1976 James (Buck) Cheves, Theo (Tiger) Flowers, Dan Magill, Virlyn Moore, Wyomia Tyus, Perrin Walker, John Wyatt, and Charlie Yates were inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.

1981 Tommy Barnes, Marion Campbell, Bill Hartman Jr., Len Hauss, Herb Maffett, and George Morris Jr. were inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.

1982 James (Sarge) Bagby, Lew Cordell, Edward Hamm, Milton (Red) Leathers, and George Poschner were inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.

1987 Harley Bowers, Patrick Dye, Joseph (Cy) Grant, Isabelle Holston, Thomas Lyons, Johhn Moon, Hugh Royer, and Erskine Russell were inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.

1997 A bar frequented by homosexuals was bombed twice, one bomb going off after authorities arrived to investigate the earlier bombing. Though unknown at the time, these bombings, and others, were the work of Eric Rudolph, also guilty of the Centennial Olumpic park bombing in 1996.

1998 Native Georgian Julian Bond was selected as Chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

Georgia cities and towns first incorporated by acts approved by the governor on Feb. 21:

1866 Steadman (Newton County)

1873 Cole City (Dade County)

1876 Wadley (Jefferson County)

In Their Own Words on This Day. . .

1733 Even though the colony of Georgia had been established less than a month, two escaped prisoners from South Carolina were already making it their hideaway, as recorded by Peter Gordon in his journal:

"...Mr. Kilbery sett out with a small party and an Indian guide, to apprehend the fellows who were in the woods, and hade been discovered by the Indians. About eleven at night he returned with the prisoners, who were emediately examined before Mr. Oglethorp. One of them was English and the other a French man. The Frenchman denied all he was charged with, of having broke out of Charlestown jayle, and having committed severall roberies, and killed severall catle, in our neighborhood. The English man confess'd most of what he was charged with, alledging that what catle they killed was only for their own subsistence, they having been in a most miserable way destitute of any manner of food in the woods, and must have inevitably perished hade they not done it. The French man was ordered into custody of the guard belong to Captain Massey's Independent Company, ten of whome with a serjeant, were ordered to be assisting to us in Georgia. The other was ordered into custody of our guard."

Source: [no author or editor cited], Our First Visit in America: Early Reports from the Colony of Georgia, 1732-1740 (Savannah: Beehive Press, 1974), pp. 18-19.

1869 Gertrude Thomas recorded an illness and the frightening effects of the medicine given her:

"Since I wrote last Monday night I have been very sick. That night I was very sick and the next morning had a chill. The night before I sent for Mr. Thomas before I went to bed to show him how my arms neck & body was broken out in scarlet blotches. He insisted upon another dose of sarsparilla. I took it & in a few hours woke up in so much pain I sent for him again and consulted him if I should take an emetic. I did so and was so sick the next morning I sent for Dr. Eve. He came but I was not relieved until a late hour in the day. . . . Dr. Eve came again and found me with another chill which was followed by a high fever, which lasted all day. The large quantity of quinine broke my chill but I suffered very much from the effect of the Morphine. Morphine always has an unpleasant effect upon me. I would lay perfectly quiet upon the bed, knowing that I was there and with my eyes shut I would see a succession of pictures in a panoramic view, some of them lovely, other hideous. . . . The beautiful face of Mrs. Tom Beall glided by me and while I would willingly have looked longer, it slowly faded from my view to be flowed by Lurany one of our servants, both of them are in the spirit world. . . . Lovely unknown countenances would be presented to my view and as I looked upon them suddenly they push out their tongues and looking like demons would advance towards me. ... I have been better yesterday and today altho not well enough to go to church this morning. . . ."

Source: Virginia Ingraham Burr (ed.), The Secret Eye: The Journal of Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas, 1848-1889 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), pp. 308-309.

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© Carl Vinson Institute of Government, University of Georgia

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